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Strong straight-line winds also occur with severe storms and can create as much damage as a tornado. EF-2 and EF-3 tornadoes are considered strong, with wind speeds of 111-135 mph and 136-165 mph respectively. 12, at least four EF-3 and five EF-2 tornadoes have been confirmed. Storm assessments and tornado ratings can take several days or longer to complete.Īs of Dec. The National Weather Service rates tornadoes based on the intensity of damage using 28 damage indicators from the Enhanced Fujita, or EF, scale. On a tornado ranking scale, how intense was this event?Īt least 38 tornadoes have been reported in six states during this outbreak, causing widespread power outages, damage and fatalities.
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This causes parcels of warm air to rise and form clouds that can produce thunderstorms and, in some conditions, tornadoes. When this instability combines with significant wind shear – winds shifting in direction and speed at different heights in the atmosphere – it can create an ideal setup for strong rotating storms to occur.Ītmospheric instability develops when air is warm at the surface and cold at higher levels. As this warm air cools, the moisture that it contains condenses into clouds and can form storms. When warm and cold air masses collide, less dense warm air rises upward into cooler levels of the atmosphere. The storm system ushered in cold, dense air to the region, which interacted with the warm air, creating unstable atmospheric conditions. While the system brought heavy snow and slick conditions to the colder West and northern Midwest, the South was enjoying near-record breaking warmth, courtesy of warm, moist air flowing north from the Gulf of Mexico. 10, a powerful storm system approached the central U.S. What factors came together to cause such a huge outbreak? – and why the Southeast is vulnerable to these disasters year-round, especially at night. Hazard climatologists Alisa Hass and Kelsey Ellis explain the conditions that generated this event – including what may be the first “quad-state tornado” in the U.S. 10-11, 2021, an outbreak of powerful tornadoes tore through parts of Arkansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee and Illinois, killing dozens of people and leaving wreckage over hundreds of miles.